Ans.
Nitrogen fertilizers are commonly used by farmers to increase crop production. Ammonium is the main component of nitrogen fertilizer, as it is easily assimilated by plants and provides nitrogen to them, while nitrate gets easily lost from the soil. During nitrogen cycle, ammonium is converted into nitrate by nitrification. So, nitrification inhibitors are used with to slow down the conversion of ammonium to nitrate to provide nitrogen for longer time.
Thus, 'to increase crop production, nitrification step of nitrogen cycle is preferred by farmers to block, or slow down.'
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Maya astronomer-priests looked to the heavens for guidance. They used observatories, shadow-casting devices, and observations of the horizon to trace the complex motions of the sun, the stars and planets in order to observe, calculate and record this information in their chronicles, or "codices".
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Dodo- When sailors stocked its island with pigs, the pigs destroyed this species' ability to reproduce.
Canadian cod- Once a major resource in Canada, the population crashed in the 1900s. Recovery is slow because they cannot reproduce until age 7.
Rothschild's orchid-This species was almost wiped out by collectors who prized its rarity
Whales- Multiple species were almost wiped out, but are slowly recovering after a moratorium on hunting them.
Passenger pigeon- Once the most populous species of its kind in North America, these were hunted to extinction by 1901.