Using the pH=-log[ hydrogen ions], assuming the pH of water is 7 then using the concept that kw=[ OH] [H+], then the [H+]= 10 power minus 7,since kw=10 to the power minus 14
do you mean fractional distillation of crude oil ?
if you do then this is what happens:
basically, crude oil is made up of a lot of hydrocarbons so it's put into a fracitonating column to separate these compounds into fractions. the top of the fractionating column is colder whereas the bottom of the column is hotter.
gases, petrol, diesel and kerosene come out near the top of the top of the column because they are shorter chains. substances near the top of the column also have a lower boiling point (since it's cooler and there's less intermolecular forces).
the substances at the top of the column are typically useful fuels because they have a higher ease of ignition (higher up=easier to ignite, lower down = harder to ignite). Also, substances at the top have a low viscosity so they can flow easily.
substances that come out near the bottom of the fracitonating column include fuel oil and bitumen.
these are longer chains of hydrocarbons and bitumen is used for road surfacing.
these substances have a high viscosity (harder to flow) and have a high boiling point since they have more intermolecular forces which require a lot of energy to break. Also the bottom of the fractionating column is warmer and this is where these fractions are released.
Answer:
1.20 V
Explanation:
The standard cell potential is calculated from the expression
ε⁰ cell = ε⁰ oxidation + ε⁰ reduction
The species that will be reduced is the one with the higher standard reduction potential and the species that will be oxidized will be the one with the more negative reduction potential.
Thus for our question we will have
oxidation:
Pb(s) → Pb2+(aq) + 2 e- ε⁰ oxidation = - ε⁰ reduction
= - ( - 0.13 V ) = + 0.13 V
reduction
Br2(l) + 2 e- → 2 Br-(aq) ε⁰ reduction = +1.07 V
ε⁰ cell = ε⁰ oxidation + ε⁰ reduction = + 0.13 V + 1.07 V = 1.20 V
Answer:
The volume of the liquid should be measured before it is heated.
Explanation:
