Magma cools and crystallizes to form igneous rock. Igneous rock undergoes weathering (or breakdown) to form sediment. The sediment is transported and deposited somewhere (such as at the beach or in a delta, or in the deep sea). The deposited sediment undergoes lithification (the processes that turn it into a rock).
Changes from building houses to withstand either tsunamis or hurricanes. From changes to the local economy and how the food grows and what needs to be strengthen to adapt to the noticeable weather change. Also from the changes of local and current laws and or codes of laws.