Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
TRUE. Inefficient problem-solvers go through the same cycle as efficient problem solvers, but with a low level of stress.
<h3>What does it mean to be an effective problem solver?</h3>
A skilled problem-solver can recognize all parties involved, encourage them to participate, and actively listen to various viewpoints in order to comprehend the problem, its core cause, and feasible solutions. Analytical thinking aids in the investigation and understanding of an issue and its causes.
An inefficient problem solver doesn't find a good solution of any problem as they cant break any problem in any subparts and even get many more problems.
Learn more about problem solver here:
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Methamphetamines are harmful to the body when used over load
