He was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald and died November 22, 1963 at the age of 46.
In political science, a "nation" refers to a group of people who feel bound into a single body by shared culture, values, folkways, religion and/or language. A "state" just refers to a patch of land with a sovereign government. States often coincide with nations (and are called "nation-states," but not always.
The history of the alphabet<span> started in ancient Egypt</span>
If you're talking about the government structure then it's a democracy.
If not then maybe you should try clearing up any misinterpretations or misunderstandings in the question.