An example of a missense mutation in a protein-encoding gene would most likely be a neutral mutation is option B: replacement of a polar amino acid with another polar amino acid at the protein's surface.
A frequent and well-known example of a missense mutation is the blood condition sickle-cell anemia. Missense mutations exist in the DNA at a single location in sickle-cell anemia patients. A different amino acid is required in this missense mutation, which also alters the overall structure of the protein. Similarly, replacement of a polar amino acid by another polar Ami no acid at the protein's surface is a missense mutation causing change in a single site.
A neutral mutation is one whose fixation is unrelated to natural selection. Therefore, the independence of a mutation's fixation from natural selection can be used to define the selective neutrality of a mutation.
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Complete question is:
Which example of a missense mutation in a protein-encoding gene would most likely be a neutral mutation?
a) Replacement of a polar amino acid with a nonpolar amino acid at the protein's outer surface
b) Replacement of a polar amino acid with another polar amino acid at the protein's surface
c) Replacement of a polar amino acid with another polar amino acid in the protein's interior
d) Replacement of a polar amino acid with a nonpolar amino acid in the protein's interior
Answer:
B) a signal-recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane.
Explanation:
Each synthesized protein has to be targeted to the specific location and transported to that location. There are two possible ways for that transport: post-translational transport or co-translational transport.
• Co-translational transport occurs during the process of translation, and proteins transported this way are proteins bound for organelles in the endomembrane system (such as the ER, Golgi apparatus, and lysosome), plasma membrane proteins or proteins for the exterior of the cell. They have an amino sequence called a signal peptide which sends them to ER first.
• Proteins that do not have a signal peptide stay in the cytosol so, their transport is after the translation (post-translational).
Auroras normally occur in the Earth's thermosphere.
Answer:
1. Today instead of rotating upright, The earth's axis is tilted 23.5 degrees. The angle varies a little over time, but the gravitational pull of the moon prevents it from shifting by more than a degree so. This tilt is what gives us seasons.
2.The cooling effects of more indirect sunlight cause autumn and winter. Because of the earth's approximately 23.5° tilt, the season in the northern and southern hemispheres reversed, about six months apart from each other.
