The Hamburg Massacre (or Red Shirt Massacre or Hamburg riot) was a key event in the African American town of Hamburg, South Carolina in July 1876, leading up to the last election season of the Reconstruction Era. It was the first of a series of civil disturbances planned and carried out by white Democrats in the majority-black Republican Edgefield District, with the goal of suppressing black voting, disrupting Republican meetings, and suppressing black Americans civil rights, through actual and threatened violence.[1]
Beginning with a dispute over free passage on a public road, the massacre was rooted in racial hatred and political motives. A court hearing attracted armed white "rifle clubs," colloquially called the "Red Shirts". Desiring to regain control of state governments and eradicate the civil rights of black Americans, over 100 white men attacked about 30 black servicemen of the National Guard at the armory, killing two as they tried to leave that night. Later that night, the Red Shirts tortured and murdered four of the militia while holding them as prisoners, and wounded several others. In total, the events in Hamburg resulted in the death of one white man and six black men with several more blacks being wounded. Although 94 white men were indicted for murder by a coroner's jury, none were prosecuted.
The events were a catalyst in the overarching violence in the volatile 1876 election campaign. There were other episodes of violence in the months before the election, including an estimated 100 blacks killed during several days in Ellenton, South Carolina, also in Aiken County. The Southern Democrats succeeded in "redeeming" the state government and electing Wade Hampton III as governor. During the remainder of the century, they passed laws to establish single-party white rule, impose legal segregation and "Jim Crow," and disenfranchise blacks with a new state constitution adopted in 1895. This exclusion of blacks from the political system was effectively maintained into the late 1960s.
It focuses on protecting individuals and states from tyranny of an unstrained federal government.
Answer:
The lifetime of Sara's wait wasn't too long. Normally, results are mailed to applicants after 5 days of taking the California real estate examination. There were others options she would have also used in getting her result, which includes going to the online eLicensing system or by simply calling the Interactive Voice Response system five days after the test.
Explanation:
The lifetime of Sara's wait wasn't too long. Normally, results are mailed to applicants after 5 days of taking the California real estate examination. There were others options she would have also used in getting her result, which includes going to the online eLicensing system or by simply calling the Interactive Voice Response system five days after the test.
When may the graduate of a nursing program use the designation RN? When a nurse passes their exams and the board approves the nurse as an RN, they are able to purchase their license. Once the nurse is approved and the license is purchase, a nurse is fully registered to work and may use the term RN.
The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4th, so the Anniversary will always be on this day.
It was signed in 1776, so an important anniversary was in 1976, the Bicentennial. There is an anniversary each year, and another important anniversary will in in 2026, 250 years from the Declaration.
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