Answer: These anthropologists are practicing action or applied anthropology.
Explanation: Action anthropology is the study of humans mainly using community-based research and collaboration with indigenous societies where the research is being carried out. While applied anthropology is the use of the information and data gotten from the action anthropology.
The answer C looks the best to me. It states the fact that it allowed them to practically DOUBLE their land, and it lead to much westward expansion, which later lead to the gold rush, and other important things to America.
I believe that it is your breath
Nice riddle:)