Answer:
1 is this: The four middle lines of latitude are the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the International Date Line and the Prime Meridian.
2 is: Climate models project robust differences in regional climate between present-day and global warming up to 1.5°C, and between 1.5°C and 2°C (high confidence), depending on the variable and region in question (high confidence).
3 is: The term civilization refers to complex societies, but the specific definition is contested.
The advent of civilization depended on the ability of some agricultural settlements to consistently produce surplus food, which allowed some people to specialize in non-agricultural work, which in turn allowed for increased production, trade, population, and social stratification.
The first civilizations appeared in locations where the geography was favorable to intensive agriculture.
Governments and states emerged as rulers gained control over larger areas and more resources, often using writing and religion to maintain social hierarchies and consolidate power over larger areas and populations.
Writing allowed for the codification of laws, better methods of record-keeping, and the birth of literature, which fostered the spread of shared cultural practices among larger populations.
It means the personal freedom to follow whatever religion you choose, or
NO religion if that's your choice, in any way you want as long as you don't
bother other people, without any interference from laws or other people,
and without any penalty or discrimination no matter what your choice is.
That seems like such common sense that it's hard to understand that
in huge parts of the world, that's not the way it is at all.
Lack of usable land, and poor conditions of soil
ethos
Explanation:
Ethos is a device through which one talks about the social and cultural circumstances of a country or a people on a specific time. <u>Here the description is of a state that is sovereign and the powers it can wield over itself and over others the guarantee of rights that it has.</u>
This ethos is exemplified by the rights of the free states that are being talks about in the paragraph given here. It is a clear example of ethos.
