Answer:
The sequence of the nucleotides along the backbone encodes genetic information. The four roles DNA plays are replication, encoding information, mutation/recombination and gene expression.
Explanation:
Answer:
Cost: competition for mates, competition for resources
Benefit: better protection from predators (ex. a fish in a school of fish has greater chances of not getting eaten because of the large number of other fish)
a). Calcium ion and ATP
Explanation:
The excitation and contraction of the muscles takes place by Action potential creation.
The muscle contraction is initiated when calcium ions binds to troponin. The binding of calcium with protein complex troponin changes the configuraton to make actin sites active for ATP binding. This binding causes myosin to reach the state of high energy ( excitation), in which myosin head gets detach from the active site.
After first exposure to an antigen, it can take about three weeks for antibodies to reach a detectable level. The body will react to disease by creating antibodies and testing their effectiveness against the unknown antigen.
Antibodies are the body's way of fighting off foreign threats. Also known as immunoglobulin, they detect and attack pathogenic bacteria and viruses. These antibodies detect a protein that is unique to the surface of the pathogen called the antigen.
At times, we can see an increase in antibodies for one disease, for example, <em>Lyme disease</em>, in the presence of <em><u>non-Lyme disease antigens.</u></em> This is often due to antigenic variation, which is a method used by pathogens to mask their respective antigens. There are also general use antibodies that will increase in reaction to any pathogen.
As with any illness, a patient who receives treatment sooner will fare better than those whose treatment is delayed. This is due to the fact that earlier treatment with antibiotics will allow the body to fight off the infection before the bacteria can reproduce further.
After the first immune response, antigen-specific antibodies will remain for some time to provide the body with "immunity" to the pathogen, while <u>general-purpose antibodies will return to a base value. </u>
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They then examined the infected cells and found that they contained labeled DNA, Since the phage DNA entered the infected cell, which demonstrated that it makes sense that DNA is the phage's genetic material. A bacteriophage or a phage is a virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea. Phages replicate within the bacterium following the injection of their genome into its cytoplasm.
