Answer: alternative A.
Explanation: In this case, we will consider people that already have had a heart attack. In this specific group of 1,000 people, 236 exercised regularly and had gone through this situation.
We can infer that 23.6% of people who exercised regularly have experienced that by dividing 236/1,000= 0.236= 23.6%.
If 236 people exercised, 1,000-236=764 didn't exercise regularly prior to their heart attacks, so 74.6% were considered to be sedentary.
If there's 0.236 chance out of 1 to exercise and still have a heart attack compared to 0.764 out of 1 to be sedentary and have the same experience, we can divide both ratios to compare them, so 0.236/0.764= 0.3089.
Alternative A claims that people who exercise have around 0.5 chance of having heart attacks compared to people who don't. Since our ratio resulted in 0.3089, we consider this number the closest to 0.5. Alternative <u>B is absurd because in order for people who exercise to have 2x the risk compared to people who don't, the number of people who exercised and went through that must be 2x bigger than people who didn't</u>. Alternative <u>C doesn't apply as well, because we already verified that the chance people who exercise have a heart attack equal to 23,6%. </u>
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Protects the plant from losing water. The sharp needles of the tree mean that is has less surface area for the sun to make contact. They may also have differently shaped stomata, in order to prevent water loss
Answer:
Reflexes are not a function of the spinal cord.
Explanation:
The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system and is made up of neurons that go along it (from the end of the brain stem almost to the bottom of the spine).
The spinal cord receives incoming messages from the peripheral nervous system (including the sensory neurons) and pass on messages from the brain to efferent neurons (motor neurons at muscles).
The spinal cord contributes to learning as it passes on the info received from sensory neurons (that there is an obstacle in the path) to the brain and passes on the response from the brain to the muscles (to lift the foot up higher).
The spinal cord is essential for integration as it passes on sensory information to the brain to determine motor output.
Reflexes are when sensory information is quickly sent straight to motor neurons to move. It does not need to go to the brain (hence does not need to go to the spinal cord) for the reaction as it would be too slow. This is seen when someone who is paraplegic (paralysed at lower torso) can still move their leg in response to the doctor tapping their knee even when they cannot forcibly move their legs.
Therefore reflexes are not a function of the spinal cord.
Dominant' traits will actually disappear faster if they are disadvantageous.
Think about it: if everyone who has even a single copy of a particular allele is at a disadvantage (manifests the phenotype, in this case six fingers), then even single copies are selected against.
In the case of recessive traits, selection occurs only against homozygous carriers, who may be very rare if the allele itself is rare.
A concrete example would be something like Tay-Sachs disease. If the allele that causes this were dominant, every carrier would die before adulthood, and it would occur only as a very rare de novo mutation. But because it is recessive, it persists for now; heterozygous carriers have no disadvantage.
