This is a large, covalently-bonded molecule that has a repeated structural unit. This is a complex carbohydrate made from many different sugar molecules joined together. A macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which is used by the body for growth and repair.
Answer:
b. actively transport Cl- from the ECF to the external environment.
Explanation:
Chloride cells are cells that are found in the gills of teleost fishes which pump large amount of sodium and chloride ions out from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the sea or environment against a concentration gradient in marine fish.
The opposite of this process occurs in freshwater fishes where the gills of freshwater teleost fish, cause an influx of sodium and chloride ions into the fish from the environment, also against a concentration gradient.
Mechanism of action
Salt water teleost fishes take in large amounts of seawater to decrease osmotic dehydration. The excess of ions derived from seawater is thrown out of the teleost fishes through the chloride cells. These cells employs active transport on the basolateral (internal) surface to diffuse in chloride, which then is pumped out of the apical (external) surface, straight into the surrounding environment. Such mitochondria-rich cells are located in the region of the gill lamellae and filaments of teleost fish.
False, Darwin was just the most famous one to do it.
One advantage of asexual reproduction is that animals can <span>increase their numbers rapidly. The other options in the question are incorrect and so avoided. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the first option or option "A". I hope the answer has helped you.</span>
