Answer:
A large part of South Asia receives rainfall mainly during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) season of the year (Jun–Sep). The socioeconomic conditions of most of the developing countries in this region largely depend on the ISM rains. It also played important roles in rise and collapse of ancient civilizations in this region. However, the influence of the ISM on Indian ancient civilizations has not yet been fully explored though there were some attempts to correlate monsoon variation with their rise and fall. For example, in the mid to late Holocene period, Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization flourished in the western part of India from its early development, through its urbanization and eventual transformation into a rural society. Probably a prolonged decrease in the ISM rainfall caused the decline in the urban phase of the Indus Civilization around the 4.2 kyr BP global climate event. Another well-recorded early Holocene global climate event is the 8.2 kyr BP cooling event which also reportedly influenced ISM significantly, but its impact on human settlement is not clear in this region. The present study is a comprehensive review of the archaeological and climatological researches carried out on the role of ISM variability on the rise and fall of ancient Indian civilizations for the most part of the ongoing interglacial period, the Holocene. The review covers the studies on the period of the last 10 kyr as evidence suggests that human settlement and cultural developments in this region started around the beginning of this period. We have noted that the existing studies are mostly restricted to vague qualitative analysis of the weakening/strengthening of the ISM, and researches related to quantitative estimations of changes of the monsoon strengths and durations of drought events that caused collapse of civilizations are limited. Therefore, in the present analysis, emphasis has also been given on the requirement of estimating the absolute changes that might have caused cultural shifts. Some possible ways to quantitatively estimate the changes of some climate parameters are discussed.
Answer:
Top to bottom:
- Polar
- Continental
- Arid
- Tropical
- Temperate
Explanation:
The world is very diverse when it comes to climate. This comes from numerous different factors, with one of the most important ones being the angle at which the sunlight falls on the surface. Some parts of the world are hotter, some colder, some milder, and in some parts, there is a lot of precipitation while at some precipitation is something rarely experienced.
At and near the equator, the climate is tropical, having constantly high temperatures, high humidity, and a solid amount of precipitation. Just north and south of the tropical climate we have the arid climate, characterized by very high temperatures, low humidity, and very low precipitation. The temperate climate is found in the mid-latitudes, bordering the tropical and arid climates, having pleasant temperatures for most of the year, and a medium amount of precipitation. The continental climate is found in the mid-latitudes and deeper into the continents, having extremely low temperatures in winter and high in summer, with precipitation being manifested through both rainfall and snowfall. Polar climate is found around the poles, and this climate is the coldest on average, the precipitation is also very low and when there is some it is manifested through snowfall.
Answer:
Religion has been the custom followed by humans since the ancient times. The various religions seen in the world are Hindu, Muslims, Christian etc. each religion having their own beliefs and rituals to follow. But the same religion seems to be altered due to various reasons like, the geographic features, ancestors, government influence, evolution , technology which makes the people in one region follow the religion according to their adaptation .
The answer is D. 1.3 billion
Answer: Indonesia
Explanation:
It has 147 volcanoes in which 76 are still active.
