Answer:
In grassland ecosystem, first trophic level is the producer. Producers are the organisms which makes their own food, here the producer are grasses. The second trohic level contain herbivores which feed on these grasses. These herbivores are eaten by secondary consumers which belongs to third trophic level and secondary consumers are then eaten by tertiary consumer.
The population of producers are very high so it is placed at the base while tertiary consumer are placed on the top due to low population.
A. Metabolism this is the process of taking food and making it energy
The answer is Chronic<span> Stress</span>
Statistical power is the likelihood that a test (statistical test) will detect an effect when there is an effect there to be detected. Statistical power<span> is inversely related to </span><span>the probability of making a </span>Type II error (Type II errors<span>, or </span>false negatives, occur when you don’t see things that are there) = beta<span>.
statistical power = 1 – </span>β. The critical value<span> is the </span>value corresponding to a given significance level. The statistical power<span> is </span>influenced by the choice of significance level for the test (by the critical value). Larger critical value means increased power of the test: <span> the chance of obtaining a statistically significant result is increased (reduces the risk of a </span>Type II error<span> (false negative regarding whether an effect exists) is reduced) . </span>
The right answer for the question that is being asked and shown above is that: "a decreasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations." The phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a period of geographic isolation, two populations meet is that <span>a decreasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations.</span>
