During the industrial revolution many people immigrated to the US for several reasons however since you asked about the industrial reasons I will only answer those. The US had a lot more opportunities than Europe, it is significantly larger and started to industrialize later, this made many more job opportunities open. This made the US a very good prospect for many people so filled with ideas about the "American Dream" they packed their bags and families and left for America. Other factors such as the crowded and ba conditions of the European cities also made the journey seem inviting. Other than industrial reasons racism an discrimination made many minority groups in Europe miserable, the Jews had been mistreated for years and in countries such as Austria-Hungary the non German speaking people were treated as lower class citizens, in Britain many irish and scottish men left for similar reasons.
It was Andrew Jackson.
He led a mixed force against the British army at the Battle of New Orleans. Among the defenders were regular troops, frontiers
men, Native Americans, free Black men and even pirates who fought the invaders
that resulted into victory. Jackson
would later be elected president of the United States.
The idea Hamilton was trying to convey was that people would be bound by human nature to be more loyal to their state than to the federal government.
It’s based on loyalty to competitor