<span> Animal cells will swell when they are placed in a hypotonic solution</span>
The frequency of radiation from a Cesium-133 atom is 9,192,631,770 cycle/s
= 
×
cycles/s
The number of cycles of radiation in one second is ×
The number of cycles during 1 mosquito wing beat,
i.e., the number of cycles in 
= 
×
= 
×
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Answer:
1. P120 is degraded in the 26S proteasome
2. The 26S proteasome has a major role in protein degradation and is critical for protein homeostasis
3. Cell cycle and DNA replication are cellular processes regulated by the Ras and NFkB pathways
Explanation:
The proliferation-associated nucleolar protein (p120) is a protein known to be expressed during the interphase of the cell cycle, specifically in G1 and early S phase, where any problem with DNA replication trigger a checkpoint, i.e., a molecular cascade of signaling events that suspend DNA replication until the problem is resolved. In mammalian cells, the 26S proteasome is responsible for catalyzing protein degradation of about 80% (or even more) of their proteins. The 26S proteasome acts to degrade rapidly misfolded and regulatory proteins involved in the cell cycle, thereby having a major role in protein homeostasis and in the control of cellular processes. It is for that reason that inhibitors that block 26S proteasome function have shown to be useful as therapeutic agents in diseases associated with the failure of protein degradation mechanisms (e.g., multiple myeloma). The NF-κB are highly conserved transcription factors capable of regulating different cellular processes including, among others, cellular growth, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK pathway is able to transduce different signals received on the cell surface to the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK pathway is activated when a singling molecule binds to a cell receptor which triggers a signaling cascade that ends when a transcription factor induces the expression of target genes, ultimately producing a response in the cell (for example, the progression through the cell cycle).
E. coli belongs to the genus Escherichia
Taxonomically, <em>Escherichia coli </em>is categorized as belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae, order Enterobacteriales, and genus Escherichia (named after its discoverer, Theodor Escherich).
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) are typically found in warm-blooded organisms' lower intestines. The majority of E. coli strains are not harmful, but some can seriously poison food.
- A Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is capable of causing severe foodborne illness.
- Raw or undercooked ground meat products, raw milk, and fecal contamination of vegetables are the most common causes of STEC outbreaks.
- The illness is usually self-limiting, but it can progress to a potentially fatal condition like haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), especially in young children and the elderly.
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Answer:
2.glucose move into chamber B faster than fructose
Explanation:
- Facilitated diffusion: refers to the transport of hydrophilic molecules that are not able to freely cross the membrane. Channel protein and many carrier proteins are in charge of this <u>passive transport</u>. If uncharged molecules need to be carried <u>this process depends on concentration gradients</u> and molecules are transported from a higher concentration side to a lower concentration side. If ions need to be transported this process depends on an electrochemical gradient. The glucose is an example of a hydrophilic protein that gets into the cell by facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process because the cell does not need any energy to make it happen.
The exposed scenario is an example of facilitated diffusion, a process that occurs in favor of the concentration gradient, and which rate depends on the concentration of molecules in each side of the membrane, in this case, glucose and fructose, among other factors that might also influence the diffusion rate. So, as the concentration of glucose is higher in chamber A (80%), and lower in chamber B (20%), in comparison with fructose, the first one will diffuse faster than fructose. The difference in concentration between both chambers is sharper in glucose, so its transport is faster than the fructose transport, which will also diffuse but at a lower rate.
