Question

How do particles in matter change when a substance becomes hotter, cools down, or changes state?

Answer 1

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When a substance becomes hotter or cooler or change in state due to external change in energy, few changes takes place like:

• Change in Interparticular force of attraction.
• Change in distance between voids.

When Energy is supplied:

A substance becomes more hot and changes it state i.e. Solid to liquid, or liquid to gas in normal conditions.

• External energy is supplied.
• Average kinetic energy increases.
• The particles gets excited.
• They start moving farther increasing their Interparticular force of attraction.
• They makes some changes in shape & volume.

When Energy is taken away:

A substance becomes colder and changes it state i.e. gas to liquid, or liquid to solid in normal conditions.

• Energy is taken away from the matter.
• Average kinetic energy decreases.
• The particles move closer to each other.
• The Interparticular force of attraction now increases because they are near to each other.
• This increases the density and make it compact.

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