A solution is when a solute is added to a water solvent. Since water is neutral, the charge of the said solution is dictated by the charge of the ion. This is the subscript of the element. If it is not stated, then we use the common ion form.
1. H: The charge for hydrogen ion is +1.
2. OH⁻: The charge is ⁻1.
3. Mg2: This ion has a charge of +2.
4. HSO₄⁻: -1
5. SO₄²⁻: -2
6. Mg(HSO₄): This is not an ion, but an undissociated compound. So, it has a neutral charge of 7.
7. Mg(OH): Neutral at pH 7
8. Na: Sodium ion has a charge of +1.
9. NO₃⁻: -1.
This is hard to show but here is how you would determine these. NOTE each dot is an electron.
<span>Question 1) </span>
<span>F-H </span>
<span>1) determine the valance electrons for each. F has 7 and H has 1 </span>
<span>2) one electron from both F and H form the bond "-" which means that you still have 6 electrons to place around F and none to place around H. Place the 6 in sets of 2 around the F </span>
<span>.. </span>
<span>F-H </span>
<span>¨ </span>
<span>Question 2) </span>
<span>2) H-O-H </span>
<span>H has 1 valence electron minus 1 used in the bond to O = 0 electrons to place </span>
<span>H has 1 valence electron minus 1 used in the bond to O = 0 electrons to place </span>
<span>O has 6 valence electrons minus 2 used in the bonds to the H's = 4 electrons to place </span>
<span>H-O-H: place two dots above and below the oxygen </span>
<span>Question 3) </span>
<span>3) O=N----H : NOTE: a double bond requires O and N to share two of their electrons each </span>
<span>O has 6 valence electrons minus 2 used in the bonds to N = 4 electrons to place </span>
<span>N has 5 valence electrons minus 3 used in the bonds to O and H = 2 electrons to place </span>
<span>H has 1 valence electron minus 1 used in the bond to N = 0 electrons to place </span>
<span>place the 2 dots on top and bottom of oxygen. </span>
<span>place 2 above the N </span>
