France’s fiscal crisis in the late 1780s was as a result of
bad harvests, debt and deficit spending. The excesses of the royal family and
the resultant strain from servicing old debts ultimately caused conflict within
the monarchy and contributed to nationwide unrest which ended with the French
Revolution of 1789.
A major problem for the United States after the Revolutionary War (1775-1783) was that tens of thousands of Loyalists, due to the climate of violence and fear that still existed after the conflict (particularly in the South), fled the country, retreating with the British army to Britain and other parts of the British Empire (Jamaica, Bahamas, India) and also to Canada, settling primarily in the regions of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Since those Loyalists were often wealthy and educated, and they had been part of the thriving and cohesive upper class that controlled much of the industry and the commerce in areas such as New York or Boston, the social structure of the colonies changed significantly after their departure.
Thomas Jefferson, a Democrat-Republican
Explanation: In 1885, Indian National Congress Party had pressed for self rule within the British Empire. They felt that the British did not deliver the significant reforms promised during the war as acknowledgment of their service.
