The Hebrew Bible is the Torah.
This Torah makes up part of the old Testament in the Bible, which has an old testament and a new testament
I think the answer is no (sorry if i am worng!)
Jefferson and Madison would create the Democratic-Republican political party to be a voice for the common man against the elite Federalist party. The two men fought laws and policies enacted by Washington and Adams when they believed they violated the Constitution and the rights established by the Bill of Rights.
One example of this was Jefferson's writing of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in regard to the Whiskey Tax. Though written anonymously, he suggest the states (the people) were allowed to nullify, or ignore, federal laws that the people did not agree with. He suggest it was in the rights of the people to refuse to pay the whiskey tax.
Jefferson and Madison were both outspoken about their disagreement with the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts by John Adams. Jefferson would overturn the acts after becoming the third president of the US. Madison also stood against John Adams in regard to the "midnight-appointments" which was an expansion of the federal court system. Madison refused to issue the confirmations of the judges causing one to take Madison to court in the famous case, Marbury v. Madison.
It's around 483 years
The Roman Republic was established in 509 - 511 BC and overthrown in 27 BC when it was replaced with roman empire.
The roman republic had to undergo drastic change from government controlled by representative to the government that controlled by emperor with centralized power
