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Equation
-4x + 16 = -116
solve for x
-4x + 16 = -116
subtract 16 to both sides
-4x + 16 - 16 = -116 - 16
simplify
-4x = -132
divide -4 to both sides
-4x/-4 = -132/-4
simplify
x = 33
answer: the number is 33
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
What is unmeasured cofounding?
- By definition, an unmeasured confounder is a variable that is connected to both the exposed and the result and could explain the apparent observed link.
- The validity of interpretation in observational studies is threatened by unmeasured confounding. The use of negative control group to reduce unmeasured confounding has grown in acceptance and popularity in recent years.
Although they've been utilised mostly for bias detection, negative controls have a long history in laboratory sciences and epidemiology of ruling out non-causal causes. A pair of negative control exposure and outcome variables can be utilised to non-parametrically determine the average treatment effect (ATE) from observational data that is vulnerable to uncontrolled confounding, according to a recent study by Miao and colleagues.
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
Learn more about unmeasured confounding here:
brainly.com/question/10863424
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Answer:
1. n(4.75+30+2.50)
2. 4.75n+30n+2.50n
Step-by-step explanation:
n is the number of shirts they buy. It says that each shirt costs $4.75, and for each shirt they add an extra $30 and $2.50 for the setup fee and to peint each shirt. The word each shows that you have to times. You have to times n by each number or to make it shorter put all three numbers in parenthesis put the n ouside of the parenthesis.
Hope that helps.
