There could be any number of answers to this question, since you are allowed to choose on the basic of what you studied. I'll suggest a couple of prominent examples here, but you should pick what stood out to you from your studies.
In political philosophy, theories on the origins of governmental authority and the structure of governments, as developed by thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau have had a huge impact on historical developments that followed, contributing to the American Revolution (esp. Locke and Montesquieu) and the French Revolution (also Voltaire and Rousseau).
In ethics, the categorical imperative approach of Immanuel Kant continues to have strong influence on ethical thinking today. Kant stressed that we need to treat all other rational beings not as means to an end for ourselves, but as ends in themselves, equal to ourselves. He urged that all actions need to be such that they would be sensible if applied universally to all persons.
In simplest terms, the Boston Tea Party happened as a result of “taxation without representation”, yet the cause is more complex than that. The American colonists believed Britain was unfairly taxing them to pay for expenses incurred during the French and Indian War.
The correct answers are:
- The Christian Church gave the various people and tribes in Western Europe a cultural center;
- Attacks from Muslim nations helped band the various groups together with a common bond;
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Western Europe still managed to maintain a high level of cultural unity in the time that followed even though there lot of different people occupying this territory.
The two biggest reasons that this was able to happen were the Christian Church and the Muslim attacks. The Christian Church became the central figure in the politics and religion in Western Europe, and its interest was that there's peace between its followers, so they were trying to maintain that by uniting the people under the same religion, rules, way of life, and resolving the various disputes. The attacks from the Muslim Caliphates were another reasons, as they were seen as a common enemy, so the people were sticking together in order to be stronger, thus strengthening the unity in every sense of the word.
religious leaders attempted to resolve the iconoclast controversy through the formation of religious councils. Specifically, the Council of Nicaea, which was attended by the delegates of Pope Adrian the I and came to the conclusion that that icons deserved reverence, but not adoring worship.
