Answer:
Sexual reproduction is able to generate genetic variation in offspring by 1-independent assortment and 2-recombination during meiosis, and 3-random fertilization.
Explanation:
Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that increases the amount of genetic variation in offspring by three main mechanisms: independent assortment of homologous chromosome pairs and recombination during meiosis, and random union of gametes during fertilization. First, sexual reproduction is associated with the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis, i.e., the orientation of homologous chromosome pairs is a random process that is different for every cell that undergoes meiosis. In consequence, chromosomes assort randomly into gametes, thereby the segregation of alleles of a gene pair is independent of the segregation of another set of alleles of a different gene (as stated in the law of independent assortment). Second, sexual reproduction generates genetic variation by recombination, which is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during meiosis I (prophase I). This genetic process (recombination) is able to generate new alleles in offspring. Third, sexual reproduction also involves the random union of two haploids (n) gametes during fertilization, which results in the formation of a diploid (2n) zygote that develops into a new individual. In humans, the sperm cell has 8 million possible (2²³) chromosome combinations, which fertilizes an ovum cell that also has approximately 8 million chromosome combinations, thereby producing a tremendous genetic variation in offspring (around 64 trillion possible zygote combinations).
Answer:
they amplify the original signal manyfold.
Explanation:
A phosphorylation cascade can be described or is regarded as a sequence of events, where one enzyme phosphorylates another, causing a chain reaction, leading to the phosphorylation of thousands of other proteins.
Phosphorylation cascades is considered to be important because it plays a vital role in regulating many intra cellular processes such as growth, proliferation and cell division.
In conclusion , it should be understood that, cells make use of phosphoylation cascades for signal transduction, bringing outside stimuli to the interior of the cell, to stimulate a response.
Theories are modified because they are out of date. There are new discoveries and breakthroughs in science all of the time, so quite often hypothesis' are in need of an update.
Answer:
the ocean because there are a lot of particles.
Explanation:
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