Since the Muslims were the once attached (by the Christians) their action was mostly to respond and defend themselves; rather than undertake other initiatives.
The Crusades have caused the Muslims to unite more, but generally their reaction was very weak and not long-lasting.
<h2>Under-Representation</h2>
A common guide of under-representation of people of the under economical pay. The term Under-Representation is defined as an inadequate or disproportionately weak description example income of an uneducated individual are more commonly active participant. The attention is regarding the under-representation of minorities that is seen in the United States.
They needed access to bodies of water for trade
The Catholic Church dominated in Europe for several centuries through a complex political and social system that was based in the religious belief that the Church was a divine institution above every earthly power. The Church worked as a network of churches disseminated across the continent, where the local priests took the confession of the people, from commoners to feudal lords. Hence, the Church knew most of the secrets and feelings of every level of the society, knowledge they used to exercise control. Also, since the Pope was seen as the highest spiritual authority, he named bishops that influenced directly on the kings and princes of the different kingdoms of Europe. Other methods the Church used to control the population was fear of hell, shame, and guiltiness. These feelings were spread through the use of institutionalized torture and persecution of heretics (people who didn't agree with the Chruch), like the Holy Inquisition.
The branch of Christianity common in Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Romania is called Eastern Orthodox. The official name is Orthodox Catholic Church, in which the name "Orthodoxy" literally means "right belief."<span>The majority of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in </span>Eastern Europe<span>, </span>Greece<span>, and the </span>Caucasus. The religious authority for Eastern Orthodoxy are <span>scriptures as interpreted by the seven ecumenical councils of the Church (not the pope nor the Bible).</span>
