Answer:
Las interacciones interespecíficas son determinantes importantes de la dinámica de la población y la estructura del paisaje puede influir en estas interacciones. Todas las especies interactúan con depredadores, parásitos, competidores, etc., como parte biótica de su entorno.
Explanation:
Answer: Placebo effect
John is experiencing placebo
effect where the pill that contains no pain killing medication has given pain
relief to John. A placebo is a substance with no therapeutic effect but sometimes
improves patient’s condition. This is due to patient’s expectation that the
pill they take can help or ease the pain they have even if no active ingredient
is present.
Therefore, the effect is more
than positive thinking or believing that a treatment will work by creating a
stronger connection between the brain and body as they work together.
.
Answer:
- Hydrogen ion concentration is lower in the mitochondrial matrix than in the intermembrane space.
- Oxidative phosphorylation relies on the hydrogen ion concentration gradient generated and maintained by the electron transport chain.
- Hydrogen ions enter the mitochondrial matrix via facilitated diffusion.
Explanation:
Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway by which Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) molecules are produced through the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to molecular oxygen (O2). The hydrogen (H+) ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and this movement of protons generates an electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane which is used by the ATP synthase to produce ATP. This gradient is generated by the movement of electrons through a series of electron carriers (e.g., cytochrome c and ubiquinone) that are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The movement of these H+ ions across the semipermeable mitochondrial membrane moving down their electrochemical gradient is named chemiosmosis and is an example of facilitated diffusion.
