Answer:
The true statements regarding the adrenal glands' relationship with the autonomic nervous system are:
a. The adrenal cortex is an extension of the parasympathetic nervous system.
c. The adrenal glands are strictly nerve tissue.
d. The parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids.
e. The adrenal medulla is penetrated by the fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.
Explanation:
The levels of the central nervous system which play important roles in influencing the autonomic nervous system include cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Usually, epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine are released into the blood stem when stress or a threat occurs. This alert serves as a warning signal and defense system. The purpose is to maintain homeostasis.
Answer:
they are Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ion channels.
Explanation:
Ionotropic acetylcholine receptors are also called nicotinic acetylcholine receptors because beside acetylcholine (Ch) they respond to nicotine. These receptors are primary receptors in muscle for motor nerve-muscle communication that controls muscle contraction.
Two molecules of ACh are required for receptor to open. Since the receptors are linked to ion channels, the channels open. Opening of the channel allows positively charged ions to move across it: sodium enters the cell and potassium exits.
The answer is; Warm water moves to the east instead of to the west
Normally, when the waters in the Pacific warm up, the prevailing winds that blow from east to west drag the warm surface currents westwards and upwelling of cold currents occur at the west coast of South America. However, in El Nino, the Pacific ocean waters heat more than usual. The prevailing winds weaken and begin to blow predominantly towards the east. The warm currents are therefore dragged to the east and cause torrential rains in Western coast South Americas.
