- Affirmative action programs: <u>c. are controversial because they are seen as reverse discrimination</u>.
- One of the possible legal challenges to affirmative action programs is that they violate the <u>equal protection</u> clause of the <u>Fourteenth</u> Amendment. Because this amendment is at play, any affirmative action program that uses race or ethnicity as a basis for decision making is reviewed by the courts using <u>strict</u> scrutiny.
- Because discrimination law is primarily federal, states are not allowed to pass laws that ban affirmative action or protect classes other than those in the federal laws- <u>this is a false statement</u>.
<u>Explanation</u>:
An affirmative action is a program that uses past discrimination to justify present decisions by giving some sort of consideration to protected status.
Discrimination means treating an individual differently and unfairly because of their race, sex or social status. A discrimination law deals with the incidents of unequal or unfair treatment. People are even discriminated based on disability, genetic makeup and other personal characteristics.
According to <em><u>Fourteenth Amendment</u></em>, the court uses strict analysis to review affirmative action programs.
Answer: the correct answer is (C) In vivo exposure
Explanation:
In vivo exposure is a kind of exposure therapy, generally used for treating individuals with phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other anxiety disorders.
Answer: Continuous Schedule
Explanation: Operant conditioning reinforces wanted behavior with a reward (also known as positive reinforcement) or discourages unwanted behavior by punishment (also known as negative reinforcement).
The schedule of reinforcement is as important and can vary at different stages of the learning process.
When Continuous, a reward or punishment is given immediately after a display of the behavior.
When using a fixed interval schedule, a reward or punishment is given after every fixed period such as every second time the behavior is displayed. When variable, the intervals are more random.
Share cropping was adopted after the Civil War and the abolishment of slavery