b. shepherd, a provider of public projects and assistance.
Explanation:
In contrast to the Old Kingdom, the role of the pharaoh in the Middle Kingdom was that of a "shepherd, a provider of public projects and assistance."
The Pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom lasted between 2040 to 1782 BC. They were characterized by their administrative efforts, including the construction of public projects and the provision of assistance to the Egyptians. During these periods, Egypt got expanded and yet united under one rule.
