Answer:
<em>Reform Judaism
</em>
Explanation:
Reform Judaism, is a <em>religious movement that has altered or discarded many conventional Jewish values, rules, and rituals in an attempt to adapt Judaism to the changing social, political, and cultural circumstances of the world today.</em>
Reform Judaism compares with Orthodox Judaism by questioning the binding force of practices, rules, and traditions set forth in the Bible and in some books of rabbinic origin.
Answer:
- Proportionally.
Explanation:
Tax is characterized as the amount charged by the government(on income, goods, or services) from the citizens for providing services like schools, hospitals, roads, trains, etc.
As per the question, the given chart reveals that the citizens are being taxed 'proportionally' which implies that a fixed percentage of tax similar for each income group i.e. 11% is levied upon them. Thus, the <u>rate of interest remains same irrespective of the difference in income</u>(high or low) which implies that the tax rate is in proportion to the income earned by individual.
Innovation means a new method, product, idea, etc
Retreatist gangs are unable to gain success through legitimate means and unwilling to do so through illegal ones.
Explanation:
Retreatist gangs are also known as criminal gangs and they can be seen in stable neighborhood. They develop in those areas which are unable to give illegitimate or legitimate opportunities. Illegitimate opportunity is a theory that says individual perform crime at that time when there are less chances that the person will be caught . This theory was defined by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin in the year 1960.
Retreatist gang mainly stress on the consumption of harmful material that is drug which is termed as addiction.