Answer:
Principles of Geology
Explanation:
J. Henslow gifted Darwin the first volume of Principles of Geology, written by Charles Lyell. The book explains about the old age of the earth. Accordingly, the slow rate of several geological processes suggests that the earth is very old.
Darwin read the book as the ship was crossing the Atlantic and learned about geological processes occurring over the millions of years. For example, he learned that the earth's surface was not formed by some catastrophic event.
In his book, Lyell explained the slow and gradual geological processes like erosion gave rise to the vast landscapes present on the earth's surface.
Darwin compared the time taken by geological processes to form the earth's surface and reasoned if these millions of years were enough to support the evolution of species.
Use process of elimination. From what you gave me to read, you can cross off competition. A drought killed the plants and not competition to live. Go down the list of words and look up the definition. Look at nudation and ecesis later because they are different words that may or may not be challenging to understand. You know what reaction and migration is without looking it up. Once you cross off all words answers that don't match up, ask yourself, which remaining answer goes? Nudation is basically new plants that have successfully started growing after a huge environmental change. Ecesis is sort of similar however, the establishment in a new habitat or environment is not from a big change. Therefore, nudation is the correct answer.
Hormones are a group of chemicals released by exocrine glands
These hormones are directly secreted into bloodstream from where they reach the site.
Half life formula
The number of unstable nuclei remaining after time t can be determined according to this equation:
N(t) = N(0) * 0.5^(t/T)
where:
N(t) is the remaining quantity of a substance after time t has elapsed.
N(0) is the initial quantity of this substance.
T is the half-life.
It is also possible to determine the remaining quantity of a substance using a few other parameters:
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-t/τ)
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-λt)
τ is the mean lifetime - the average amount of time a nucleus remains intact.
λ is the decay constant (rate of decay).
All three of the parameters characterizing a substance's radioactivity are related in the following way:
T = ln(2)/λ = ln(2)*τ
How to calculate the half life
Determine the initial amount of a substance. For example, N(0) = 2.5 kg.
Determine the final amount of a substance - for instance, N(t) = 2.1 kg.
Measure how long it took for that amount of material to decay. In our experiment, we observed that it took 5 minutes.
Input these values into our half life calculator. It will compute a result for you instantaneously - in this case, the half life is equal to 19.88 minutes.
If you are not certain that our calculator returned the correct result, you can always check it using the half life formula.
