"cutting down trees to build new buildings and roads", "factory and automotive emissions causing acid rain" and "redirecting and storing freshwater behind dams" exemplifies a way in which humans modify ecosystems. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the last option or the fourth option.
Precipitation, soil, temperature, humidity, and altitude
I don’t understand the question but if I can make a correct inference, they have thorns to protect themselves from predators.
Examples of lipids include fat boils wags his hormones and steroids. Lipid or non-polar molecules so they are not soluble in polar like water.
After the macrophage fails the Helper T Cell stimulates the B cells if pathogen is extracellular and Cytotoxic T Cells if the pathogen is intracellular. Once the pathogen is killed the B Cells create Memory B Cells and the Killer T Cells create memory T Cells.