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It is convenient to divide the photosynthetic process in plants into four stages, each occurring in a defined area of the chloroplast: (1) absorption of light, (2) electron transport leading to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH, (3) generation of ATP, and (4) conversion of CO2 into carbohydrates (carbon fixation).
The water particles move around more and more slowly, slowly enough that the force of attraction between them will hold them together, it freezes and the particles are packed tightly