The most accurate statement is Inclusion and exclusion criteria are always needed in some form.
Inclusion criteria are the prospective subjects characteristics that should be taken into consideration in the study.
Exclusion criteria are set of predefined definitions commonly used to identify subjects who will not be included or those characteristics that disqualify prospective subjects for the study to be included
This is called pruning! It is a normal Occurrence and every human being experiences it! It’s just where ur fingers have been in water for an extended period of time the blood vessels constrict beneath your skin causing this :)
<span>Constricted air passages and higher air pressure in the lungs at maximum inhalation</span>
Atmosphere :) Have a great day