The human gene for insulin production is identified and removed using enzymes called restriction enzymes. The same restriction enzymes are used to cut open a plasmid (a small, circular section of DNA).
It is important to understand because it's the way all cells reproduce (except sperm and egg cells, they do meiosis), and our cells are the essential parts of our whole being.
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Lactic acid is a common fermentation product in bacteria and animal cells. It is produced after glycolysis when <u>Pyruvate</u> is reduced by electrons received from NADH.
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In 2005, Eris, a dwarf planet in the scattered disc which is 27% more massive than Pluto, was discovered. This led the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to define the term "planet" formally in 2006, during their 26th General Assembly. That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet.
Like other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto is primarily made of ice and rock and is relatively small—one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third its volume. It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun. This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune, but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding. Light from the Sun takes 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance (39.5 AU).
Pluto has five known moons: Charon (the largest, with a diameter just over half that of Pluto), Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body.
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