Natural Selection.
An easy and important way to remember this is by thinking of a species - let’s say a bright white moth. For ages, these moths have survived beautifully, matching perfectly with the white tree bark they live on, until one day, a smoky building begins pumping its soot into the air. This air begins to change the color of the tree bark to black and the once hidden white moths are now plainly visible to birds who eat them easily. Fortunately, every now and then a moth is born who is darker than the rest - black as soot even. And so, the birds keep eating the white moths but missing the soot-colored ones. As time goes by, the soot-colored moths produce more and more similarly colored moths, who are well hidden from the birds AND after enough time, the only moths that remain are soot-colored. This is why so many species “fit” exquisitely into their environment. They have ALL adapted in some way similar to the soot-colored moth.
Answer:
The factors limiting the size of cells include: Surface area to volume ratio (surface area / volume) Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. Fragility of cell membrane.
Explanation:
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The hydrogen bond in polar molecules occurs only in compounds that have hydrogen bonded to N, O, or F.
These very highly electronegative elements create a partial positive charge on the hydrogen.
The H atom is attracted to the partial negative charge on an N, O, or F atom in another molecule.
The hydrogen bond is an attraction but not a true chemical bond such as ionic or covalent bonds. It is much weaker.
However, the hydrogen bond is a strong intermolecular bond.
Answer:

Explanation:
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In this case, since the rate at which oxygen is produced via photosynthesis is:

Since the desired amount is 11,200,000 billion metric tons, the required time is:

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Answer: Because scientists often repeat one or more steps several times.
Explanation: The scientific method is described as nonlinear because scientists often repeat one or more steps several times. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option or option "b".