Answer:
Abiotic means something dead. Its not that hard.
Explanation:
Answer:
Industries cause enormous water pollution: By directly discharging their untreated effluents into water bodies like rivers and lakes. By letting their polluting effluents flow onto land so that they get absorbed into the soil and pollute underground water.
Answer:
Ligand-receptor interaction is the first interaction that triggers cell signalling.
Ligands are the hormones, drugs or neurotransmitters that specifically bind with receptors present in cell surface to initiate cell signalling. Ligand binding to the receptor is reversible. Binding of the ligand to the receptor can activate or inactivate receptor. Activation may lead to cell signalling pathways. Inside cells, there are secondary molecules which on activation starts a cascade of reactions. which in-turn regulate the function of the ligand molecule.
At first, the activated receptor relates with G proteins molecules in the cell.
before the ultimate physiological effect of the ligand on the cell's behavior is produced Therefore, the cellular signaling starts as soon as the first messenger (the ligand) binds to its receptor.
hope this helps
The urethra is the tube that conducts the flow of urine in both sexes from the interior of the body to the external world. In males, semen also travels through the urethra during sexual intercourse. The urethra connects the bladder, the collection site for urine to the outside world. In males, the urethra is 8 inches long, while in females, the urethra is only 2 inches long. So the primary difference is one of length. Another difference would be the path the urine takes getting from the bladder to the external world. In females, the path is more direct, while in males, the path is more curving. This curved path makes catheterization of males more difficult than females. Due to the short length of the urethra in females, infection can be a problem. Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra common in females. The passing of kidney stones is another affliction that strikes both sexes in the area of the urethra.
