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Luden [163]
3 years ago
14

Which first-line defense system uses acids to kill pathogens?

Biology
2 answers:
Helen [10]3 years ago
8 0
I think it’s respiratory but I’m not sure
Grace [21]3 years ago
7 0

Answepeople

Explanation:

<h2>I like to suck so hard they come in me</h2><h2 />

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For the individual with type 2 diabetes, the immediate problems brought about by hyperglycemia can lead to which of the followin
Minchanka [31]

Answer:

option d is correct

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
During the 18th century what was England’s view on inoculations
stepan [7]

Answer:

For many centuries, smallpox devastated mankind. In modern times we do not have to worry about it thanks to the remarkable work of Edward Jenner and later developments from his endeavors. With the rapid pace of vaccine development in recent decades, the historic origins of immunization are often forgotten. Unfortunately, since the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the threat of biological warfare and bioterrorism has reemerged. Smallpox has been identified as a possible agent of bioterrorism (1). It seems prudent to review the history of a disease known to few people in the 21st century.

Edward Jenner  is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox (2). Jenner's work is widely regarded as the foundation of immunology—despite the fact that he was neither the first to suggest that infection with cowpox conferred specific immunity to smallpox nor the first to attempt cowpox inoculation for this purpose.

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
A client has been diagnosed with gram-negative pneumonia. Knowing this bacteria has a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin on the outer
agasfer [191]

Answer:

The options

A)Damage to cellular mitochondria

B)Increased ATP levels

C)Activation of the p53 protein

D)Apoptosis

The CORRECT ANSWER IS D

D)Apoptosis

Explanation:

The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis includes extracellular signaling proteins which adhere to cell surface molecules known aa death receptors which in turn activates apoptosis.

The aftermath activates endonucleases prompting division of DNA and ultimately cell death.

Apart from the TNF and Fas ligand, primary signaling molecules also promotes the extrinsic pathway, examples of such are the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL); the cytokineinterleukin-1 (IL-1); and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the endotoxin located in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria while the activation of the p53 protein, and decreased ATP levels in the intrinsic pathway results in DNA damage.

6 0
3 years ago
Which of the following are useful traits of cloning vectors?
SSSSS [86.1K]

Answer:

The correct answer is option - e. all of the above are useful traits.

Explanation:

A cloning vector is a small segment of DNA that can be established stably in an individual organism and able to internalize a foreign DNA for cloning purposes. The cloning vector could be taken from different organisms such as plasmid of a bacterium, or DNA from a virus. A cloning vector must possess some characteristics -  

The cloning vector must be self-replicating ability in the host cells, it should be small in size with restriction site for the restriction endonuclease enzymes in it. The replication character of the vector should not interfere with the internalized DNA fragment. The presence of marker genes in the vector is also a property that is helpful in identifying of recombinant cells.

Thus, the correct answer is option - e. all of the above are useful traits.

7 0
3 years ago
Which other type of energy
Damm [24]

Answer:

computers do not produce energy they consume energy

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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