1. Arabesque. Arabesque is a "complicated design," and it can range from things like vines with flowers and leaves to geometric shapes and patterns. This was used to represent the relationship between man and the Earth.
2. Calligraphy. Calligraphy is an important element of Islamic art as it is said to "represent Allah's divine intention."
3. Tessellation. Tesselation is a pattern consisting of "shapes that fit together like a puzzle." They were used to symbolize the infinite power of Allah.
4. Linear Repeat Patterns. These were used as borders on tessellations and symbolized a limit on the infinite. They also are said to symbolize the "human experience of rhythm and time."
5. Complex Star Polygons. This element reflects the importance of astronomy and geometry and is developed using squares. They are also said to be an "abstract picture of the universe (night sky)."
6. Reciprocal Linear Repeat Patterns. This is simply the presence of light areas mirroring dark areas.
Another important thing to keep in mind about Islamic art is that there were two religions restrictions placed on art. The first states that God/Allah was never to be depicted in art, and thus most art does not contain people or animals. The few animal-like creatures in Islamic art were "highly stylized and not lifelike." The next restriction was to not use "costly materials," and because of this, most art is brass, clay or wood. With time, Islamic artists learned how to make inexpensive materials look just as alluring as expensive ones like silver or gold.
I hope this is helpful for you!
The answer to this question is Puerto Rico.
<span>Spain lost many of its colonies and retained Florida, Cuba,
and Puerto Rico that made the Spanish empire the largest empire in the world.
Spain established these colonies to make most of the countries to be converted
to the religion of Christianity and to conquest and to extract gold.</span>
I feel like the last one. I think that being spiritual means you believe and have faith but don't follow the religions strictly. Meaning, Being Religous and right can cause political thinking because maybe religion talks about politics and since he is religious and right he will follow the politics that his/her religion teach. A black protestant may also be political because of the protestant reformation in Europe. Ther was a whole war/conflict between Catholics and protestants. It also influenced who would be a king or queen. It ruled politics.
Alfred Wegener argued about the idea of continental drift in the early period of the 20th Century.
<h3>Who was Alfred Wegener?</h3>
Alfred Wegener was the geologist who discovered the theory of continental drift which had occurred on Earth about three hundred million years back.
Alfred Wegener identified that there was a supercontinent named Pangaea which was split and moved from its places being one of the similarities between the coastlines of the western part of Africa and the eastern part of South America.
Therefore, continental drift was one of the concepts beings argued by Alfred Wegener in the twentieth century.
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