The developmental pattern that a "how-to" essay would follow is a process analysis. The correct answer is option C. Process. This is a kind of essay that present directions; like how something should be done in order, or how something happened chronologically. It involves a step-by-step process from first to last.
The noun phrase in the sentence above is the first option - the gooey, chocolate fudge brownies.
You have to write the whole thing and not separate these words because they are intricately connected into one noun phrase, so you cannot say just fudge brownies because that's not the whole phrase.
Tasted perfect is a verb phrase, and topped with icecream is an adjective phrase.
This is an example of a metaphor.