Answer;
Decision making and emotion; memory and visual processing
Explanation;
Cingulate Cortex is a subcortical structure above the corpus callosum. its anterior (Forward) segment participates in decision making and emotion, and its posterior (rear) segment participates in memory and visual processing.
-The forward 2/3 of this structure, the ACC: anterior cingulate cortex- participates along with the hypothalamus in the control of the autonomic nervous system (also roles in decision making, emotion, anticipation of reward, and empathy)
The rear third, PCC: Posterior cingulate cortex participates in memory and visual processing.
Answer:
a, b, d y e
Explanation:
We can define thermogenesis as the method of production of lime or temperature that a living body generates, in biology it is studied that this does not occur in all animals, but is seen in so-called warm blood and some plants, there are three types of processes identified in animals:
NEAT: defined as thermogenesis that occurs without the presence of physical activity
DIT: defined as the thermogenesis that occurs with physical activity
EAT: defined as the thermogenesis that occurs with the consumption of food or diet
Thermogenesis under the thermogenin protein found in brown adipose tissue produces a disengagement of protons within the mitochondria, prevents ATP synthesis and is capable of inducing temperature with the flow of protons, it also intervenes by increasing glycolysis, lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis with which its final result in these processes is the production of energy. The effect of the sympathetic nervous system and thyroid hormones that can balance heat production without generating abnormal movements such as tremor is also recognized.
Thus we deduce that:
electron transport allows heat flow without causing tremors
Thermogenin is involved in allowing protons to enter the mitochondria and the ATP production process is carried out.
hydrolysis of fatty acids occurs in the presence of norepinephrine
in brown adipocytes ATP synthase can be avoided
<h2>Scurvy </h2>
Explanation:
(a) Collagen is the major structural component of cartilage,bones and tendons
- The basic unit of collagen is tropocollagen and each tropocollagen consists of three coiled left handed polypeptide chains called α chains
- Generally each α chain consists of a repeating tripeptide sequence called: G-X-Y
- Here G represents glycine; X represents proline and Y represents hydroxyproline
- Rigidity of collagen molecule is due to presence of proline and hydroxyproline
- Hydroxylation of proline is catalysed by prolyl hydroxylase enzyme which use ascorbate,α ketoglutarate and oxygen
- α ketoglutarate is oxidatively decarboxylated to form carbon dioxide and succinate
- Sequence of events leading from a dietary vitamin C deficiency to symptoms such as bruising and breakdown of supporting tissues includes: tissue levels of ascorbic acid is low; enzyme prolyl hydroxylase is inactive; proline is not hydroxylated; the triple helix is inadequately stabilized; collagen breaks down; defects in tissues that depend on collagen
; tissues that depend on collagen are subject to breakdown and bruising
(b) Sailors are no longer susceptible to scurvy because fresh fruits which are the source of vitamin C source are available now
British sailors called "limeys" to this day,this term reflects the British navy's use of limes
The lac repressor protein is bound to the operator region of the lac operon when there is no lactose in the medium. When introduced in lactose, it binds to an allosteric site on the repressor causing its to change conformation and release from the operator. This allows the polymerase that is bound to the promoter region to proceed transcription of the lac operon genes (LacZ, Lac A, and Lac Y). Translation of these genes forms enzymes that enable the organism to break down lactose for energy.
