Answer:
d. Estrogen will bind to a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes.
Explanation:
Estrogens are small lipophilic molecules synthesized from cholesterol. This steroid hormone (estrogen) is able to directly enter into the cell nucleus to bind with their corresponding receptors. Subsequently, estrogen-receptor binding stimulates these receptors to form dimeric structures that bind to DNA and thus activate gene expression. Estrogen receptors interact with DNA and activate gene expression through zinc finger domains composed of four (4) cysteine residues surrounding a zinc atom.
<span>the thylakoid space is where the H+ gradient is created by the electron transport chain. if the thylakoid is punctured, the H+ will just leak out into the stroma and NOT diffuse into ATP synthase, thus the synthesis of ATP would be the most directly affected. </span>
