A natural monopoly, such as a local electricity provider, is the result of long run average total costs declining continuously as output increases. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is option "3". The initial cost of power generation and power distribution cost is high. Once the generation starts and the number of consumer increases, the average cost starts declining.
Answer:
E) none of the above
12.70% and 2.49% standard deviation
Explanation:
We multiply probability by the outcome to get the weighted amount, we add them and get the expected return.
probability outcome weighted
0.25 0.10 0.0250
0.45 0.12 0.0540
0.30 0.16 0.0480
expected return 0.1270
Now that we got the expected return at 12.7%
We now subtract the possible outcome with the expected return and square them:
(0.127-0.1)^2
(0.127-0.12)^2
(0.127-0.16)^2
Then we add them and divide by the sample which is 3
0.000622
²√ 0.000622 = 0.024944383
<u><em>Final step,</em></u> will be the square root which gives the standard deviation
of 2.49% = 0.024947
