<span>discretion
This is so because the state basically takes responsibility under paren patriae principle to be the guardian of kids whose parents have failed in fulfilling the duties responsible of a parent or guardian towards a child or an invalid</span>
I believe it is nothing because I have no clue
The Kulaks were wealthy farmers in the Soviet Union. Colllectivization meant the collection of private goods, especially land, and handing them over to the state so that they are governed by the whole society.
Collectivisation would mean that the Kulaks would be deprived of their goods, so they naturally opposed it.