Aneuploidy means having more numbers of chromosomes than usual while polyploidy means having an abnormal number of chromosome sets. Down syndrome is a trisomy on chromosome 21 meaning there are 3 chromosomes for chromosome set 21.
Down syndrome is probably the most common example of a chromosomal aneuploidy. It is trisomic because an extra copy of Chromosome 21 is made, also known as Trisomy 21.
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