The Sun is located
at the center of our Solar System, at a distance of about 150 x 106 kilometers from
Earth. The Sun produces solar heat energy. This energy travels through space in the form of electromagnetic
waves. The process of heat transfer is known as radiation.Before reaching the sea-level the sun's rays have to pass through the whole thickness of the atmosphere.
So, the first surface that has the potential to come into contact with solar radiation are the clouds.
Answer:
The Chemical Coupling:
A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions where two fragments are joined together with the aid of a metal catalyst.
The Conformational Coupling:
The basic idea, as originally proposed by Robin Irvine, is that stimulation of the IP3 receptor (IP3R) by store emptying induces a conformation change that is transferred to the channel in the plasma membrane through a direct protein-protein interaction (3)
The Chemiosmotic Coupling
For approximately twenty years, it has been generally agreed, in accordance with the chemiosmotic theory, that the coupling of electron transfer reactions to ATP synthesis is mediated by a proton electrochemical gradient, often alternatively called a protonmotive force, generated across these membranes by electron
It is an example of ABDUCTION.
Abduction refers to the movement of limbs away from middle line and median plane. It is an example of synovial joint movement. Synovial joints refers to joints in which articulating bone ends separated by joint cavity containing synovial fluids