<span>Vitalism is a belief that there is difference between living and noliving things. Living things are governed by different principles which are not applicable for nonliving things. The scientist now reject the vitalism since it lack scientific proof. It is considered only as spiritual. modern scientist believe life originated from non living things in the course of time.</span>
<span>These protrusions will only bind to </span>certain<span> receptors on the host cell; they are essential for both host specificity and viral infectivity.</span>
The development of there genes might have something to do with it. for example one parent might be shorter, the shorter twin takes more of that parents genes than the other
I believe the answer is D. Hope this helps ;D