Answer:
40% is the percentage of the gamma allele in the population.
Explanation:
Available data:
- Two alleles, delta and gamma
- 60% of the alleles in the southern GA population are the delta allele
What is the percentage of the gamma allele in the population?
According to Hardy-Weinberg, the allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (Homozygous dominant), 2pq (Heterozygous), q² (Homozygous recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same allelic frequencies generation after generation. The sum of these allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.
In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Being
- p the dominant allelic frequency,
- q the recessive allelic frequency,
- p² the homozygous dominant genotypic frequency
- q² the homozygous recessive genotypic frequency
- 2pq the heterozygous genotypic frequency
If the percentage of delta allele in a population is 60%, this means that its frequency is 0.6. By clearing the equation p + q = 1, we can calculate the gamma allele frequency. This is:
p + q = 1
0.6 + q = 1
q = 1 - 0.6
q = 0.4
Then the percentage of gamma allele in the population is 40%.
We can also think about it like this:
If the sum of the allelic frequencies equals 1, then 1 is 100% of the allelic frequencies. And if the percentage of delta allele in a population is 60%, then 40% is the percentage of gamma allele.
Answer:
The effectiveness of chemical disinfectants has historically been compared to phenol.
Explanation:
The effectiveness of a disinfectant or antiseptic can be determined in a number of ways. Historically, a chemical agent’s effectiveness was often compared with that of phenol, the first chemical agent used by Joseph Lister. In 1903, British chemists Samuel Rideal (1863–1929) and J. T. Ainslie Walker (1868–1930) established a protocol to compare the effectiveness of a variety of chemicals with that of phenol, using as their test organisms Staphylococcus aureus (a gram-positive bacterium) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (a gram-negative bacterium). They exposed the test bacteria to the antimicrobial chemical solutions diluted in water for 7.5 minutes. They then calculated a phenol coefficient for each chemical for each of the two bacteria tested. A phenol coefficient of 1.0 means that the chemical agent has about the same level of effectiveness as phenol. A chemical agent with a phenol coefficient of less than 1.0 is less effective than phenol. An example is formalin, with phenol coefficients of 0.3 (S. aureus) and 0.7 (S. enterica serovar Typhi). A chemical agent with a phenol coefficient greater than 1.0 is more effective than phenol, such as chloramine, with phenol coefficients of 133 and 100, respectively. Although the phenol coefficient was once a useful measure of effectiveness, it is no longer commonly used because the conditions and organisms used were arbitrarily chosen.
Answer:
All molecules are made up of tiny atoms. This happens because of the formation of bonds between the atoms, which holds them together to make a molecule.
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The event order should be:
1. Ingesting food, the small bowel filled with food solutes and become hypertonic. It will attract water from the blood which is hypotonic
2. Food digested, some of it absorbed. The osmotic pressure inside bowel will be reduced.
3. All food is absorbed, the osmotic pressure reduced significantly makes it hypotonic. The blood attracts water as it is hypertonic. This will increase the blood volume
