As part of legislation enacted for the stated purpose of improving science skills of schoolchildren, Congress appropriated funds
to permit public school teachers who had been certified by state school districts as science lab instructors to provide supplemental science instruction to any students in either public or private schools who did not have access to science lab resources. To help ensure content neutrality, the statute required the instructors coming to the private schools to use portable science labs supplied by the public school districts, which contained the equipment and experiments that the instructors used for the same purpose in the public schools. A citizens' group filed suit in federal district court to challenge the constitutionality of funding the science teachers for private schools, alleging that most of the private schools covered by the statute were religiously affiliated schools. No members of the group have any children in either public schools or private schools affected by the statute. How is the court likely to rule
Legislation, preparation, or enactment by local, state, or federal parliamentary bodies of law. In other situations, it is used sometimes in the exercise of the delegation of legislative functions to local authorities and to the rules and norms of administrative bodies. They decide the case for the benefit of the state since it sets out the context wherein education in private colleges is to be offered in order to avoid excessive functionality offered with religion.
Here Jack is influenced by what Burrhus Frederic Skinner an American
psychologist calls negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement which is the
opposite of positive reinforcement and it means that the rate of behavior is increased
in order to avoid an unpleasant situation or unpleasant stimulus or negative
outcome.
