The speaker is talking about the water. During winter, the water enters the cracks and freezes and expands. It breaks the stone and makes cracks and when the water melts the holes are bigger. What he is describing is mechanical weathering which is common in nature.
The primary problem is the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse effect is when some gases (including CO2) absorbs some portion of sun's heat to make the atmosphere warm to support life. But when the amount of CO2 etc. increases in the atmosphere, it heats up more than it is required. So, by limiting CO2 emission, we can solve this problem.
Answer: Indirect characterization
Explanation:
This is indirect characterization, because the excerpt does not explicitly say he was mad at his grandmother. Instead, it gives an implicit clue that he is via body language.
Answer:
They were making sure the uncles weren’t aliens and really just humans. They had thought the uncles were aliens because they looked different from when they last saw them.
Explanation:
that’s what I put so it should be right. :D