<span>Well, they were angry over the Civil War, and some people in the north thought that the entire south should be punished, because of the war. There were also the carpetbaggers who came to the south to try and profit from the destruction and mayhem, and generally being a nuisance to those trying to rebuild destroyed communities. An important role was played also by missionaries who were coming to the south to try and help them rebuild, of which both made the southerners angry because they just wanted to be left alone after their defeat to lick their wounds, try and rebuild, and get life back to normal.</span>
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I'm pretty sure the answer is... It is the role of the courts to interpret and apply the law, and the Constitution is the highest law. This all ties back to judicial review where the courts can label something unconstitutional also ties back to checks and balances where each branch has a specific power and job.
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Over time some city-states, like Athens would change governments. Sometimes they were ruled by Tyrants and, at other times, they were a democracy. Democracy in Ancient Greece was very direct. They did have officials to run the government, however.